The source of drinking water is groundwater and surface water.. At the same time, artesian waters are more protected from pollution and third-party interference and require less cost to bring them up to standard quality and safety requirements.
In Chuguyiv district, a significant number of the population, mainly in rural areas, uses groundwater with equipment for their lifting in appropriate structures, i.e. mine and tubular wells (wells). Such groundwater is unprotected from pollution, it is connected with the surface of the earth, with its condition.
Requirements for the installation of water intake structures in the form of wells of various types are included as annexes to the State Sanitary Rules and Norms (DSanPiN) 2.2.4-171-10 "Hygienic requirements for drinking water intended for human consumption.".
One of the basic rules The installation and subsequent operation of wells is their isolation from the penetration of surface runoff (rain and meltwater).
The above-ground part of the well (head), designed to protect the mine from pollution and monitor water intake, is equipped at least 0.8 m above the ground surface, which is closed with a lid. A canopy is arranged on top of the head, a canopy or head is placed in a booth.
Basic requirements to protect the well from contamination by surface runoff:
- installation of intercepting ditches that divert drains from wells;
- A «castle» of well-mixed and layer-by-layer compacted clay or heavy loam (2 m deep and 1 m wide) is made around the well, or a platform with a radius of at least 2 m is concreted (asphalted) on a base of crushed stone, 15-20 cm thick and with a slope away from the well. Around a well located in water-permeable soils (sand, sand-gravel, sand-pebble) with a small (2 m) cover of sandy loam or loam, it is necessary to cement a platform with a radius of at least 2 m and with a slope away from the well;
- Pumps are used to lift water from the well, if this is not possible, it is equipped with a rotary pump or a firmly attached "crane" with a bucket for general use;
- a bucket stand should be placed near the well;
- The structure must have a fence with a radius of at least 2 m with a gate and a paved path (from the gate to the well).
Well maintenance requirements:
- the area near the well must be kept clean, water must be drained;
- it is not allowed to lift water with buckets brought by the population, to scoop water from a public bucket with ladles brought from home, that is, there must be a bucket for public use;
- The well must be cleaned at least once a year. The cleaning is carried out at the expense of the body on whose balance sheet the well is located;
- Disinfection should be carried out after each repair and cleaning;
- it is necessary to carry out regular cleaning at least 2 times a year (in spring and autumn), as well as based on the results of laboratory tests;
- Wells with unfit for drinking water, as well as those not used by the population for irrigation or firefighting purposes, must be eliminated.
Tubular well in its structure is a well, which is equipped with a water filter, a water-lifting pipe and a pump. They are used if the depth of the aquifer exceeds 9 m. Such a well is more protected than a mine well. Water is lifted from a tubular well using a manual or electric pump. In recent years, pumps for lifting water in mine wells are also no exception.
Provided that all the above proposals are implemented Two issues are being addressed at once: protection of groundwater from pollution and the ability to obtain good-quality and safe drinking water. Requirements for the quality and safety of groundwater raised to the surface using structures in the form of wells are regulated by the above-mentioned State Sanitary Rules and Regulations.
Chuhuyiv District Department of the Main Department of the State Service for Food and Consumer Protection in Kharkiv Region